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After the outbreak of corona virus, all counties are paying special attention to their healthcare infrastructure. During second phase of covid-19, entire world has seen health care crisis. Large number of people died globally. Entire world was affected mentally or physically. There is a great need to strengthen the healthcare infrastructure, to vaccinate the population against covid virus infection and to take proper precaution to avoid spread of the virus, so that the world will not see such deadly days again. This paper discusses how technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Drones etc can help in remote monitoring of patients, judicious hospital admission, conscious distribution of lifesaving drugs etc. Investment in technology with not only help in the reduction of spread of the virus but will also help in fighting with all other future pandemics. All the countries must have to invest more on latest technologies in their healthcare to make themselves ready for such future pandemics. When the things will improve, the new normal will be very much different from the life that was before pandemic. IoT, AI and other technologies will become the non-separatable part of our life. © 2023 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.
ABSTRACT
The widespread of (covid-19) has become the major reason for many physical illnesses in addition to psychological encounters to the whole world. The psychological challenges brought in due to the Covid-19 pandemic have resulted in decrease in the learning curve of students to a very large extent risking the academic ability of students due to psychological/mental health. Hence it is a challenge to identify valid cues for disorientation in the learning ability of the student at the right time and to suggest necessary support and guidance. This paper aims to describe about the work done so far and analyzes the future challenges to be addressed based on the learning curve of a student and gives an insight of how a student can be identified to be psychologically disturbed. © 2023 IEEE.
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In the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, repurposing of drugs approved for use in other diseases helped counteract the aggressiveness of the virus. Therefore, the availability of effective and flexible methodologies to speed up and prioritize the repurposing process is fundamental to tackle present and future challenges to worldwide health. This work addresses the problem of drug repurposing through the lens of deep learning for graphs, by designing an architecture that exploits both structural and biological information to propose a reduced set of drugs that may be effective against an unknown disease. Our main contribution is a method to repurpose a drug against multiple proteins, rather than the most common single-drug/single-protein setting. The method leverages graph embeddings to encode the relevant proteins'and drugs'information based on gene ontology data and structural similarities. Finally, we publicly release a comprehensive and unified data repository for graph-based analysis to foster further studies on COVID-19 and drug repurposing. We empirically validate the proposed approach in a general drug repurposing setting, showing that it generalizes better than single protein repurposing schemes. We conclude the manuscript with an exemplified application of our method to the COVID-19 use case. All source code is publicly available. IEEE
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This paper reviews research in ocean engineering over the last 50+ years with the aim to (I) understand the technological challenges and evolution in the field, (II) investigate whether ocean engineering studies meet present global demands, (III) explore new scientific/engineering tools that may suggest pragmatic solutions to problems, and (IV) identify research and management gaps, and the way forward. Six major research divisions are identified, namely (I) Ocean Hydrodynamics, (II) Risk Assessment and Safety, (III) Ocean Climate and Geophysics: Data and Models, (IV) Control and Automation in the Ocean, (V) Structural Engineering and Manufacturing for the Ocean, and (VI) Ocean Renewable Energy. As much as practically possible research sub-divisions of the field are also identified. It is highlighted that research topics dealing with ocean renewable energy, control and path tracking of ships, as well as computational modelling of wave-induced motions are growing. Updating and forecasting energy resources, developing computational methods for wave generation, and introducing novel methods for the optimised control of energy converters are highlighted as the potential research opportunities. Ongoing studies follow the global needs for environmentally friendly renewable energies, though engineering-based studies often tend to overlook the longer-term potential influence of climate change. Development and exploitation of computational engineering methods with focus on continuum mechanics problems remain relevant. Notwithstanding this, machine learning methods are attracting the attention of researchers. Analysis of COVID-19 transmission onboard is rarely conducted, and 3D printing-based studies still need more attention from researchers.
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The pandemic situation of COVID-19 has caused global alarm in health care, devastating loss of lives, strangled economy, and paralysis of normal livelihood. The high inter-individual transmission rate created havoc in the global community. Although tremendous efforts are pitching in from across the globe to understand this disease, the clinical features seemed to have a wide range including fever, cough, and fatigue are the prominent features. Congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, and diarrhea are other less common features observed. The challenge of this disease lies in the difficulty in maneuvering the clinical course causing severe complications. One of the major causative factors for multi-organ failure in patients with severe COVID-19 complications is systemic vasculitis and cytokine-mediated coagulation disorders. Hence, effective markers trailing the disease severity and disease prognosis are urgently required for prompt medical treatment. In this review article, we have emphasized currently identified inflammatory, hematological, immunological, and biochemical biomarkers of COVID-19. We also discussed currently available biosensors for the detection of COVID-19-associated biomarkers & risk factors and the detection methods as well as their performances. These could be effective tools for rapid and more promising diagnoses in the current pandemic situation. Effective biomarkers and their rapid, scalable, & sensitive detection might be beneficial for the prevention of serious complications and the clinical management of the disease.
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Engineering curricula across the United States seek to develop well-rounded engineers with the ability to solve real problems upon graduation. To that end, capstone/senior design classes are present in most if not all ABET accredited undergraduate engineering programs. As the goal is to expose students to the tools they will need to solve actual problems, these classes are centered around team projects in a laboratory setting, with some lecture delivery in a supporting function. Physical distancing rules, as well as reduced/remote access of laboratories and equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic, posed significant challenges to the continued delivery and greatly hindered achievement of the stated educational outcomes of these classes. A southwestern institution developed new and creative strategies to address these challenges while continuing to operate under these constraints. Some were temporary, while others led to discoveries that modified the class delivery in the long term thus benefiting both students and instructors. In this paper we will describe the challenges we faced and the solutions we came up within the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, as well as the student reaction to the COVID-19 laboratory experience. The learnings from the affected 2019 - 2021 capstones provide an opportunity to both apply methods to normal, post-pandemic instruction and to be prepared for potential future interruption of capstone team-based laboratories. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022.
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The aim of the article is to identify the attitudes and perceptions of remote working (RW) for employees, present the related employers’ attitudes and RW management experience following the Covid-19 crisis, and discuss the useful measures to meet the future challenges of RW. Primary research with two types of questionnaires for employees and employers was conducted from October to December 2021 among 247 employees and 49 employers from different countries and industries. The benefits and drawbacks of RW were revealed. People’s attitudes toward the organization of RW, work productivity, communication, and trust, as well as people’s changing expectations of the future of work, were analysed. The findings showed that despite the fact that 57% of employees surveyed had never experienced RW, they easily adapted to the emergency use of working remotely without compromising their work productivity, feeling supported and trusted by their managers. The discrepancies were found between employee-employer perceptions toward the expected changes in the post-covid future of work related to the hybrid office implementation. © 2022 IDIMT. All rights reserved.
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The EU projects reaching net-zero emissions by 2050, thus reducing CO2 emissions is a priority in the European Climate Law published in 2021. The transport sector is the second contributor to CO2, responsible for around 26% of EU greenhouse gasses emissions. In 2020, GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions from transport in the EU have dropped by 12.7% due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As society comes back to normality, vehicles use is increasing again. To reach the emission targets, new vehicles can introduce CO2-reducing eco-innovative technologies. So far, these technologies accepted under WLTP are light-emitting diodes and efficient alternators. Nevertheless, many other technologies have potential as eco-innovations. In the past, eco-innovative technologies have contributed to reducing EU CO2 emissions. In 2018, the fleet of newly registered cars with eco-innovations saved around 11000 tonnes of CO2. An increasing tendency is seen in 2019: 21000 tonnes of CO2 were saved at fleet level. During 2020, new car registrations with eco-innovations were higher, having the potential to save around 40000 tonnes of CO2 at fleet level. Despite their positive impact, their CO2-reducing effect can be diminished when two of these technologies interact with each other. The presence of the lighting system and the alternator lowers the CO2 savings if compared to the summation of the savings of each technology separately. The impact of the interactions of approved eco-innovations can imply a decrease of 9% of the sum of the CO2 savings from each technology considered independent from the other. ©
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The article will consider the challenges that pastoral care in education faces to ensure that it continues to make a positive contribution to the learning experience of children and young people living in the 21st century. It will discuss how in recent years the purpose of education has been questioned by writers and the implications this may have for developing effective pastoral structures and systems and for the priorities of staff in their pastoral roles in the future. It will reflect on why there has been a need for pastoral care in education and why it is needed to support the academic achievement and personal development of children and young people in the future. The article will examine the important contribution pastoral care makes to the socialisation process and how this has been highlighted by the experience of the pandemic. In conclusion, four recommendations are made about how pastoral care in education can respond to the challenges of the 21st century and ensure that children and young people are provided with the support they need to succeed in their education, face the challenges of the modern workplace and in their future lives and make a positive contribution to society. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Pastoral Care in Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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This article outlines the role of science in the historical process of formation of Brazil as a nation. Between 1822 and 2022, scientists made crucial contributions to the debate about the constitution of the State, national identity, citizenship, views on populations, public health and education policies, university creation projects, international circulation of knowledge, sovereignty, national development, the insertion of Brazil in the world, and coexistence between backwardness and modernity. We suggest that these central themes in 1822 and in 1922 should be amended in the agenda of the Bicentennial of Independence. This requires an analysis of the historical process in which trends enhanced by the covid-19 pandemic stand out, namely, the importance of science and the sustainability of scientific activity in responding to the crisis and other contemporary challenges;the persistence of inequalities, including those related to scientific and technological development;and the environmental issue, which is transversal and unavoidable in every area of knowledge © 2022. Estudos Avancados.All Rights Reserved.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI), since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of the last year, is playing an important role in supporting physicians and health authorities in different difficult tasks such as virus spreading, patient diagnosing and monitoring, contact tracing. In this paper, we provide an overview of the methods based on AI technologies proposed for COVID-19 forecasting. Summary statistics of the techniques adopted by researchers, categorized on the base of the underlying AI sub-area, are reported, along with publication venue of papers. The effectiveness of these approaches is investigated and their capabilities or weaknesses in providing reliable predictions are discussed. Future challenges are finally analyzed and research directions for improving current tools are suggested. © 2021 ACM.
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The present pandemic, while causing economic slowdown and global panic, also generated healthcare waste in unprecedented amounts across the globe, due to mass screenings/diagnosing/treatment. This paper aims to explore the prospects of the current and future challenges with respect to the risk to human health due to environmental contamination with the healthcare waste generated as a result of and caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in the Indian context. Peer-reviewed literature with respect to healthcare waste generation during the pandemic, its burden, challenges, and policies promulgated during the pandemic and their implications for the future was searched on various databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct and reviewed. Many research studies and international reports have demonstrated that the quantity of biomedical waste has increased in the times of the Covid-19 pandemic across the globe. Additionally, the danger of general waste getting contaminated has also multiplied, in part due to increased quarantine facilities and home quarantines, along with hospitals managing Covid-19 patients and also due to inadequate segregation at the point of generation of such waste, which is a major concern in itself. The occupational exposure of this increased waste to hospital and municipal waste collection workers has also increased, though World Health Organization (WHO) declines having any evidence of transmission of coronavirus while handling healthcare waste. Enough policies existed before the pandemic and few newer guidelines are also issued to address various additional aspects, which are to be implemented to manage the healthcare waste, minimize threats to the environment and human health. Cleaner, greener waste management facilities, the inclusion of bio-disaster in disaster management, the social impact of waste management policies, and waste reduction are to be prioritized. © 2021 Technoscience Publications. All rights reserved.
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On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. Simultaneously, in Italy, in which the first case had occurred on February 18, the rigid phase of the lockdown began. The country has attracted worldwide attention, becoming at the same time a field of study both concerning the spread of the pandemic and advanced assessments of the effectiveness of political, public health, and therapeutic measures. The protagonists of the Italian crisis were the healthcare workers (HCWs) who were exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) without having any perception of what they were facing, courageously contributing to the containment of the epidemic to be defined by the media as "heroes." However, in the first phase of the pandemic (March-May 2020), the price that the Italian Public Health System had to pay both in terms of the number of positive virus cases and deaths among the HCWs was beyond and represented a peculiarity compared to what happened in other countries. In the current study, after a summary of the evolution of the pandemic in Italy, we offer an analysis of the statistical data concerning contagions and deaths among healthcare workers (physicians in particular). In conclusion, we describe the critical issues that still need to be resolved and the future challenges facing healthcare workers and the general population.